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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests

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Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
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Alterations in Muscle Tone ll01:12

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

32
Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...
32
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

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Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx...
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Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

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The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...
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Updated: May 6, 2026

Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
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Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

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Patients with neuromuscular disorder.

Palak Turakhia1, Brian Barrick, Jeffey Berman

  • 1Anesthesiology, UNC Hospitals, University of North Carolina, N2198, CB# 7010, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7010, USA.

The Medical Clinics of North America
|November 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Preoperative preparation is crucial for patients with rare neuromuscular disorders. Multidisciplinary optimization ensures better surgical outcomes by addressing diverse comorbidities and anesthetic implications.

Keywords:
Multiple sclerosisMyasthenia gravisNeuromuscular disordersPeripheral neuropathyPreoperative management

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Anesthesiology
  • Medical Genetics

Background:

  • Neuromuscular disorders represent a rare and heterogeneous group of conditions.
  • These diseases can impact multiple organ systems beyond the central nervous system.
  • Associated comorbidities present varied and significant anesthetic challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the essential preoperative preparation strategies for patients with neuromuscular disorders.
  • To highlight the importance of a comprehensive approach to managing these complex cases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and clinical guidelines on preoperative care for neuromuscular disorders.
  • Emphasis on the necessity of a multidisciplinary team approach involving neurologists, anesthesiologists, and other specialists.
  • Focus on patient optimization to mitigate surgical and anesthetic risks.

Main Results:

  • Identification of key areas for preoperative assessment and intervention.
  • Understanding the profound anesthetic implications of various comorbidities.
  • Strategies for optimizing patients to improve surgical safety and outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Systematic preoperative optimization is vital for patients with neuromuscular disorders.
  • A collaborative, multidisciplinary team approach is essential for successful surgical management.
  • Addressing specific comorbidities and anesthetic risks improves patient safety.