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Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
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Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

A Hyperandrogenic Mouse Model to Study Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
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[Hyperandrogenism in women].

Maëliss Peigné1, Anne Villers-Capelle, Geoffroy Robin

  • 1Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, département de gynécologie, service de gynécologie endocrinienne et de médecine de la reproduction, 59037 Lille cedex, France.

Presse Medicale (Paris, France : 1983)
|November 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Hyperandrogenism, characterized by excess male hormones, presents with symptoms like hirsutism and acne. Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common cause, but other conditions must be ruled out.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Dermatology
  • Gynecology

Context:

  • Hyperandrogenism presents with clinical signs such as hirsutism, acne, androgenic alopecia, and menstrual irregularities.
  • Hirsutism is defined as coarse, pigmented hair growth in a male pattern, with a Ferriman Gallwey score ≥ 6 indicating the condition in Caucasian populations.
  • Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most frequent cause of hyperandrogenism in women, accounting for 70% of cases, but it is a diagnosis of exclusion.

Purpose:

  • To outline the clinical manifestations of hyperandrogenism.
  • To define hirsutism and its diagnostic criteria.
  • To highlight the differential diagnosis of hyperandrogenism, emphasizing PCOS and neoplastic origins.

Summary:

  • Clinical hyperandrogenism necessitates investigations including serum total testosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels, and pelvic ultrasonography.

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  • Neoplastic causes should be suspected in cases of rapid onset, progressive hyperandrogenism with virilization signs.
  • First-line management for moderate hyperandrogenia involves combined oral contraceptive pills, potentially with acne treatment, while severe hirsutism benefits from cyproterone acetate and cosmetic care.

    • Impact:

    • Provides a diagnostic and management framework for clinical hyperandrogenism.
    • Differentiates common causes like PCOS from rarer, serious conditions such as neoplasms.
    • Guides therapeutic strategies, from combined oral contraceptives for moderate cases to cyproterone acetate for severe hirsutism.