Therapist recognition of impaired muscle groups in simulated multi-joint hypertonia

It is common in today's clinical practice for a therapist to physically manipulate patients' limbs to assess hypertonic conditions (e.g. spasticity, rigidity, dystonia, among others). We present a study that evaluates the capabilities of expert therapists to correctly identify the location of a hypertonic impairment of an arm through standard manipulation. Therapists interacted with a hypertonic virtual arms rendered on a robotic device. Our results show that testing joints independently can cause misjudgment of the mechanical contributions of pluri-articular muscles to multi-joint impairment.