Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling01:11

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling

3.3K
The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the...
3.3K
Solvating Effects02:12

Solvating Effects

7.8K
An understanding of the solvating effect helps rationalize the relation between solvation and acidity of the compound. In addition, this also explains the relative stability of conjugate bases for compounds with different pKa values. This lesson details, in-depth, the principle of solvating effects. The strength of an acid and the stability of its corresponding conjugate base are determined using pKa values. This observed relationship is a consequence of solvation, which is the interaction...
7.8K
Stability of Conjugated Dienes01:28

Stability of Conjugated Dienes

3.4K
Introduction
A comparison of the enthalpies of hydrogenation of dienes reveals that conjugated dienes release less heat on hydrogenation, rendering them more stable than their nonconjugated analogs.
3.4K
Solubility Equilibria03:07

Solubility Equilibria

44.8K
Solubility equilibria are established when the dissolution and precipitation of a solute species occur at equal rates. These equilibria underlie many natural and technological processes, ranging from tooth decay to water purification. An understanding of the factors affecting compound solubility is, therefore, essential to the effective management of these processes. This section applies previously introduced equilibrium concepts and tools to systems involving dissolution and precipitation.
The...
44.8K
Solubility Equilibria: Overview01:09

Solubility Equilibria: Overview

1.8K
When a substance such as sodium chloride is added to water, it dissolves, forming an aqueous solution. The extent of dissolution is called solubility. The process of dissolution can exist in equilibrium, just like other chemical processes. Solubility equilibria are also called precipitation equilibria because the process of solubility can be reversible. The reverse of the solubility process is called precipitation.
Solubility is important in biological and environmental processes. A notable...
1.8K
Leveling Effect01:29

Leveling Effect

1.6K
In acid-base chemistry, the leveling effect refers to the limitation imposed by the solvent on the strength of acids and bases in solution. When a base stronger than the solvent's conjugate base is used, it deprotonates the solvent until the base is entirely consumed, making it ineffective against weaker acids. Conversely, an acid stronger than the solvent's conjugate acid protonates the solvent until the acid is depleted, rendering it ineffective against weaker bases. Essentially, the...
1.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Latent Vasculopathy of a Peripheral Pulmonary Artery in FBN1-Related Marfan Syndrome.

Pathology international·2026
Same author

Surgical Strategy for Intractable Inguinal Lymphorrhea Using Combined Indocyanine Green Imaging and Negative Pressure Wound Therapy.

Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open·2026
Same author

Intermolecular dynamics of deep eutectic solvents probed via dynamic optical Kerr effect spectroscopy.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same author

Effects of Ether Bonds on Liquid-Liquid Transitions in Quaternary Ammonium and Phosphonium Ionic Liquids under High Pressure.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026
Same author

FDG-PET/CT data enhances machine learning prediction of occult lymph-node metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma.

Journal of thoracic disease·2026
Same author

Translational diffusion and isomerization reaction of a liquid crystal molecule at solid-liquid interface of ionic liquids studied by total internal reflection-transient grating spectroscopy.

Soft matter·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles
11:45

Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles

Published on: August 22, 2018

7.9K

Solvent dependence of 7-azaindole dimerization.

Hideaki Shirota1, Takao Fukuda, Tatsuya Kato

  • 1Department of Nanomaterial Science, Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, ‡Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, and §Center for Frontier Science, Chiba University , 1-33 Yayoi, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
|November 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Femtosecond Raman-induced Kerr effect spectroscopy reveals distinct hydrogen-bonding dimer behaviors of 7-azaindole (AI) in various solvents. Stronger acceptor solvents hinder AI dimerization, favoring monomer-solvent interactions.

More Related Videos

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters
10:37

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters

Published on: January 9, 2014

11.0K
Preparation of Contiguous Bisaziridines for Regioselective Ring-Opening Reactions
04:38

Preparation of Contiguous Bisaziridines for Regioselective Ring-Opening Reactions

Published on: July 28, 2022

2.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 6, 2026

Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles
11:45

Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles

Published on: August 22, 2018

7.9K
Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters
10:37

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters

Published on: January 9, 2014

11.0K
Preparation of Contiguous Bisaziridines for Regioselective Ring-Opening Reactions
04:38

Preparation of Contiguous Bisaziridines for Regioselective Ring-Opening Reactions

Published on: July 28, 2022

2.6K

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy
  • Molecular Interactions

Background:

  • 7-azaindole (AI) is a key molecule for studying hydrogen bonding.
  • Understanding AI's self-association and solvent interactions is crucial for its applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the solvent-dependent dimerization of 7-azaindole (AI).
  • To characterize the vibrational and reorientational dynamics of AI in different solvent environments.

Main Methods:

  • Femtosecond Raman-induced Kerr effect (fs-RRIKES) spectroscopy.
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for dimerization constants.

Main Results:

  • Distinct low-frequency vibrational bands indicate AI dimer formation in CCl4, CHCl3, and CH2Cl2.
  • A monomer-solvent hydrogen-bonding mode dominates in acetone, CH3CN, and DMSO.
  • NMR confirmed varying dimerization constants across solvents, correlating with solvent hydrogen-bond accepting strength.

Conclusions:

  • Solvent properties significantly influence 7-azaindole's dimerization equilibrium.
  • Strong hydrogen-bond accepting solvents inhibit AI dimerization by forming stable AI-solvent complexes.