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Mortality among professional divers in Norway.

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  • 1Department of Occupational Medicine, Norwegian Centre for Diving Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, NO5021 Bergen, Norway.

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Norwegian professional divers have lower overall mortality than the general population. However, those with higher diving certificates face increased risks of death from work-related accidents and suicide.

Keywords:
Accidentsmortality registryoccupational diverprofessional diversuicideviolent death.

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Diving Medicine
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Diving is inherently risky due to the underwater environment, leading to potential accidents.
  • Long-term health effects on divers include impacts on bone, central nervous system, and lungs, even without accidents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare overall and cause-specific mortality rates of Norwegian professional divers against the general population.
  • To analyze mortality risks based on diving certificate class.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Norwegian Inshore Diving Registry (post-1980 certificates).
  • Included 5,526 male divers (born 1950-1990), with 3,130 fully certified professionals.
  • Compared mortality data with 1,604,147 male referents from the general population via the Cause of Death Registry.

Main Results:

  • Overall mortality was 23/1000 for divers versus 24/1000 for referents (Hazard Ratio 0.79).
  • Diving-related accidents and suicide were leading causes of death among divers.
  • Higher-level diving certificate holders showed significantly higher rates of death from accidents and suicide.

Conclusions:

  • Professional divers exhibit lower overall mortality compared to the general population.
  • A notable increased risk of death from work-related accidents and suicide exists for professional divers.
  • Diving certification level is associated with differential mortality risks, particularly for accidents and suicide.