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Neural Regulation

Neural Regulation

Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Single-cell RNA-Seq of Defined Subsets of Retinal Ganglion Cells

Single-cell RNA-Seq of Defined Subsets of Retinal Ganglion Cells

Published on: May 22, 2017

Serotonergic neuron regulation informed by in vivo single-cell transcriptomics.

Jennifer M Spaethling¹, David Piel, Hannah Dueck

¹2University of Pennsylvania, 37 John Morgan Bldg., 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. eberwine@upenn.edu.

FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

|November 7, 2013

Summary

Researchers identified novel molecular targets in serotonin neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus, crucial for mood regulation. This study reveals new pathways influencing depression and anxiety, offering potential therapeutic avenues.

Keywords:

GPCR RNA-Seq dorsal raphe electophysiology histamine

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Last Updated: May 6, 2026

Single-cell RNA-Seq of Defined Subsets of Retinal Ganglion Cells

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Published on: May 22, 2017

Single-cell Profiling of Developing and Mature Retinal Neurons

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Published on: April 19, 2012

Single-cell RNA Sequencing of Fluorescently Labeled Mouse Neurons Using Manual Sorting and Double In Vitro Transcription with Absolute Counts Sequencing DIVA-Seq

Single-cell RNA Sequencing of Fluorescently Labeled Mouse Neurons Using Manual Sorting and Double In Vitro Transcription with Absolute Counts Sequencing DIVA-Seq

Published on: October 26, 2018

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Molecular Biology
Genomics

Background:

Serotonergic (5-HT) neurons in the dorsal raphe (DR) nuclei are implicated in depression and anxiety.
The specific molecular targets within these neurons remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize the molecular components and potential drug targets of DR 5-HT neurons.
To identify novel regulators of 5-HT neuronal activity.

Main Methods:

Utilized Pet-1 promoter to drive YFP expression for 5-HT neuron identification.
Performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) on isolated DR 5-HT neurons.
Conducted functional assays to assess receptor activity.

Main Results:

Identified over 500 G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), including novel targets and orphan GPCRs.
Oxytocin, lysophosphatidic acid 1, and α1-adrenergic receptors were found to co-stimulate DR 5-HT neuron firing.
Histamine exhibited inhibitory effects via H3 histamine receptors, suggesting tonic in vivo inhibition.

Conclusions:

Unbiased single-cell transcriptomics coupled with functional analysis provides novel insights into neuronal regulation.
Identified specific receptors (oxytocin, LPA1, α1-adrenergic, H3) that modulate DR 5-HT neuron activity.
These findings offer potential new therapeutic targets for mood disorders.