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Salmonella meningitis in a 16-month-old child with AIDS

Zahra Movahedi1, Shima Mahmoudi, Setareh Mamishi

  • 1Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Qom University of Medical Sciences and Health Services School of Medicine, Qom, and Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran. smamishi@sina.tums.ac.ir.

The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics
|November 7, 2013
PubMed

Insights

A 16-month-old boy with AIDS developed Salmonella meningitis, a severe opportunistic infection. Despite treatment, the infant did not recover and died, highlighting the risks of invasive infections in pediatric HIV.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection severely impairs cellular immunity.
  • This immune deficiency predisposes individuals, particularly children, to life-threatening opportunistic infections.

Observation:

  • A 16-month-old boy presented with prolonged fever and vomiting.
  • Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed low glucose (2 mg/dl), high protein (890 mg/dl), and gram-negative bacilli.
  • Blood and CSF cultures identified Salmonella species.

Findings:

  • The patient was diagnosed with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
  • Diagnostic tests including ELISA, Western Blot, and HIV PCR confirmed HIV infection.
  • The infant exhibited Salmonella meningitis, a critical opportunistic infection.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the severe morbidity and mortality associated with opportunistic infections like Salmonella meningitis in pediatric AIDS.
  • It highlights the critical need for early diagnosis and management of HIV in children.
  • Effective antiretroviral therapy and prompt treatment of opportunistic infections are crucial for improving outcomes in pediatric HIV/AIDS.

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