Early morning hypertension: a narrative review

Early morning hypertension has attracted more attention because of the close relationship between blood pressure levels in the early morning and cardiovascular risk. However, there are some unsolved issues on early morning hypertension. First, is early morning hypertension more special than other hypertension evaluated by other blood pressure indices? Second, the concept of early morning hypertension and morning blood pressure surge is sometimes discussed in the same context. Finally, is there any benefit in reducing early morning hypertension independent of a reduction in any other blood pressure index? Here, we review the remaining unsolved issues on early morning hypertension.