Repetitive DNA of grapevine: classes present and sequences suitable for cultivar identification
M R Thomas1, S Matsumoto, P Cain
1Division of Horticulture, CSIRO, GPO Box 350, 5001, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Summary
Repetitive DNA sequences like microsatellites and minisatellites effectively distinguish grapevine species and cultivars. These DNA markers reveal genetic diversity and heterozygosity, aiding in grapevine identification and breeding.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
- Plant Science
Background:
- Grapevine (Vitis) species and cultivar identification is crucial for viticulture and breeding.
- Repetitive DNA sequences are abundant in eukaryotic genomes and can exhibit polymorphism.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate repetitive DNA sequences as molecular markers for distinguishing grapevine species and cultivars.
- To assess the utility of microsatellites, minisatellites, tandemly arrayed genes, and highly repetitive sequences for grapevine identification.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of microsatellite and minisatellite DNA abundance and RFLP detection.
- Characterization of cloned Vitis ribosomal repeat units, including length heterogeneity.
- Isolation and specificity testing of a highly repetitive DNA sequence from V. vinifera.
- DNA fingerprinting using various classes of repetitive DNA sequences.
Main Results:
- Repetitive DNA sequences, including microsatellites and minisatellites, showed varying abundance and usefulness in RFLP detection.
- Vitis ribosomal repeat units displayed significant length heterogeneity between and within species.
- A specific repetitive DNA sequence identified V. vinifera and Euvitis species.
- DNA polymorphisms were detected across Vitis species and cultivars using all studied repetitive DNA classes.
- Genotype-specific DNA fingerprinting patterns were obtained for all examined cultivars and species.
Conclusions:
- Repetitive DNA sequences are valuable molecular markers for differentiating grapevine species and cultivars.
- The detected DNA polymorphisms indicate moderate to high heterozygosity in grapevine cultivars, important for breeding programs.
- DNA fingerprinting using these markers provides reliable identification of grapevine genotypes.
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