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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Ultrasound Images of the Tongue: A Tutorial for Assessment and Remediation of Speech Sound Errors
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Glossolalic speech from a psycholinguistic perspective.

H A Osser1, P F Ostwald, B Macwhinney

  • 1California State University, San Francisco, California.

Journal of Psycholinguistic Research
|November 8, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study analyzed glossolalia (speaking in tongues), finding distinct "formulaic" and "innovative" speech patterns. Three speakers showed higher vowel-to-consonant ratios than typical English, suggesting unique linguistic creativity in glossolalia.

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Linguistic Phonetics
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Glossolalia, or "speaking in tongues," is a phenomenon studied in psycholinguistics.
  • Previous research has explored its linguistic and psychological aspects, but detailed acoustic and structural analyses are less common.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a psycholinguistic analysis of glossolalia produced in an experimental setting.
  • To compare acoustical patterns and phonological features of glossolalia with General American English.
  • To identify and differentiate distinct forms of glossolalia based on linguistic structure.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental production of glossolalia by four speakers.
  • Acoustical analysis of signal waveform, fundamental frequency, and amplitude.
  • Phonological, morphological, and syntactical analysis of speech samples.
  • Comparison of vowel and consonant frequencies with General American English.

Main Results:

  • Three of four speakers exhibited significantly higher vowel-to-consonant ratios compared to General American English.
  • Two distinct forms of glossolalia were identified: "formulaic" (repetitive) and "innovative" (novel).
  • The "innovative" form displayed greater unpredictability in speech-like element chaining.

Conclusions:

  • Glossolalia exhibits distinct structural forms that may correlate with linguistic creativity.
  • The findings suggest that glossolalia is not random but possesses discernible linguistic characteristics.
  • Further research is needed to explore sociolinguistic variables and psychological correlates.