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Metronidazole use may be linked to nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE), a rare neurological event. This case report details a lung transplant patient who experienced NCSE after metronidazole treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Metronidazole is an antibiotic commonly used for anaerobic infections.
  • Adverse neurological events are known side effects of metronidazole.
  • Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is a prolonged seizure state without obvious convulsive activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare association between metronidazole and nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE).
  • To expand the known adverse event profile of metronidazole.

Main Methods:

  • An observational, single case report design was employed.
  • The study details a hospitalized lung transplant recipient who received metronidazole prophylactically.
  • Clinical presentation, diagnostic findings (including electroencephalogram), and treatment interventions were documented.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with systemic symptoms, peripheral neuropathy, and generalized seizure, followed by acute mental status deterioration due to NCSE.
  • Continuous electroencephalogram monitoring confirmed abrupt termination of NCSE.
  • Clinical resolution of mental status was observed following NCSE termination.

Conclusions:

  • Metronidazole may be associated with the occurrence of nonconvulsive status epilepticus.
  • This case highlights a potentially serious neurological adverse event linked to metronidazole therapy.
  • Prompt recognition and management of NCSE are crucial in patients treated with metronidazole.