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The stimulus suffix: A paradoxical effect.

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Associated stimulus words, following lists for recall, impact final word recall. This effect, observed in immediate serial recall experiments, suggests semantic and acoustic coding influence memory performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • The study investigates the influence of stimulus suffixes on immediate serial recall.
  • Previous research has explored acoustic and semantic coding in memory, but the interaction with redundant stimuli requires further clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine how a stimulus suffix word affects recall of the final target word in an immediate serial recall task.
  • To determine if the association between the target word and the suffix influences this effect.
  • To explore the coding levels (semantic and acoustic) involved in this memory phenomenon.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted using immediate serial recall.
  • Participants were presented with a list of eight words, followed by a stimulus suffix word.
  • Recall performance for the final target word was measured, with variations in the association between target and suffix words.

Main Results:

  • A stimulus suffix word significantly affected recall performance for the final target word.
  • The magnitude of this effect was dependent on whether the target word and suffix were associated.
  • Associated suffixes produced a paradoxical effect not previously observed.

Conclusions:

  • Both the target word and the stimulus suffix are coded at semantic and acoustic levels.
  • The observed effect arises from the interaction of these coding levels.
  • Semantic coding of list items appears to be an autonomous process, not requiring attentional shifts during presentation.