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Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

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The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
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Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
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This lesson details the instrumentation of a mass spectrometer—a physical instrument to perform mass spectrometry on analyte molecules and record the characteristic mass spectra. This is achieved via three chief functions:
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The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...
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An unknown compound can be established by identifying the molecular ion peak in the mass spectrum. The molecular ion peak is often weak or absent due to the predominance of fragmentation in high-energy electron beams. In such cases, a soft-energy electron beam can be used to scan the spectrum to enhance the intensity of the molecular ion peak. Additionally, chemical ionization, field ionization, and desorption ionization spectra are used to obtain a relatively intense molecular ion peak.To...
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In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then...
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A segmented ring, cylindrical ion trap source for time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Q Ji1, M R Davenport, C G Enke

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.

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Summary

A new ion trap source enhances time-of-flight mass analysis. This system achieves high resolution and sample utilization efficiency for sensitive chemical analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Mass Spectrometry
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Time-of-flight (TOF) mass analysis requires efficient ion generation and manipulation.
  • Existing ion trap sources face limitations in resolution and sample utilization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and characterize a novel ion trap source for TOF mass analysis.
  • To evaluate the performance of the ion trap in terms of ion storage, extraction, and mass resolution.

Main Methods:

  • A segmented ring electrode and planar wire mesh end caps create a potential field similar to a cylindrical ion trap.
  • Ions are generated via electron impact and stored with a characteristic loss time constant of 50 µs.
  • Pulsed extraction is achieved by switching trap electrodes to a linear DC field, followed by TOF analysis with an energy-range reflectron.

Main Results:

  • Achieved better than unit mass resolution up to m/z 500 without collisional ion cooling.
  • Demonstrated linear working curves for chlorobenzene detection (36 pg to 18 ng) with high spectral generation rates (1 kHz extraction, 4 spectra/sec).
  • Observed linear ion population growth against first-order loss, with no loss when the electron beam is off.

Conclusions:

  • The developed ion trap source is effective for TOF mass analysis.
  • The system offers high sample utilization efficiency and spectral generation rates.
  • This technology has potential for sensitive and rapid chemical analysis.