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Semantic distance effects in naming superordinates.

A J Sanford1, P H Seymour

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This summary is machine-generated.

Selecting a superordinate label depends on how likely a target word is to be an example of that label. This semantic distance effect is reduced by practice and prior tasks.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Human Cognition

Background:

  • Semantic memory research explores how concepts are organized and accessed.
  • Semantic distance effects demonstrate that related concepts are processed faster.
  • Previous studies focused on semantic priming and lexical decision tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate semantic distance effects in a superordinate label selection task.
  • To determine if the likelihood of a word being an exemplar of a category influences selection time.
  • To examine the impact of practice and interference on this semantic processing.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed a task requiring them to select a superordinate label for a given target word.
  • Response times were measured to assess processing efficiency.
  • The study manipulated the normative likelihood of the target word belonging to the superordinate category.
  • Repetition and preceding tasks were used to introduce practice and interference effects.

Main Results:

  • Response times were significantly influenced by the normative likelihood of the target word being an exemplar of the superordinate category.
  • The semantic distance effect was observed in this novel task.
  • The magnitude of the effect decreased with task repetition (practice).
  • Preceding tasks also reduced the observed semantic distance effect.

Conclusions:

  • The time to select a superordinate label is directly related to the probability of a target word being an exemplar of that category.
  • Semantic distance effects are generalizable to superordinate label selection tasks.
  • Processing efficiency in semantic tasks is susceptible to practice and interference from prior cognitive load.