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Eyewitness memory refers to the recollection of events by someone who has directly witnessed them, often serving as critical evidence in legal settings. This type of memory is commonly used in criminal cases where a witness describes details like a suspect's appearance, clothing, or behavior during a crime. However, despite its perceived reliability, eyewitness memory is prone to significant errors.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories
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The effect of a subsidiary task on iconic memory.

S L Chow1, B B Murdock

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, M5S 1A1, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Memory & Cognition
|November 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Iconic memory is not independent of central processing. New experiments show that memory load interferes with iconic memory, suggesting dependence on the central processing system, particularly during encoding.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human Memory Research

Background:

  • Previous research suggested iconic memory operates independently of central processing.
  • Methodological limitations in prior studies, including timing and stimulus duration, necessitated further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the independence of iconic memory from the central processing system.
  • To clarify the relationship between iconic memory, short-term memory, and central processing resources.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a subsidiary task technique, rectifying procedural issues from previous studies.
  • Conducted experiments with controlled interstimulus intervals and stimulus durations.
  • Employed auditory presentation and controlled for rehearsal and response competition.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 6, 2026

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Main Results:

  • Memory load significantly impaired partial report performance across all tested interstimulus intervals.
  • No interaction was observed between memory load and interstimulus interval.
  • Results were consistent across visual and auditory modalities, ruling out sensory masking.

Conclusions:

  • Iconic memory is dependent on the central processing system, similar to short-term memory.
  • The observed interference effects in a subsidiary-task paradigm occur at the encoding stage of memory processing.