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Development and dematerialization: an international study.

Julia K Steinberger1, Fridolin Krausmann, Michael Getzner

  • 1Institute of Social Ecology, Vienna, Alpen Adria Universitaet Klagefurt-Wien-Graz, Vienna, Austria ; Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth & Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.

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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Economic development relies on resource use, causing environmental impacts. This study reveals diverse material-economic dependencies, showing emerging economies have stronger long-term coupling than mature ones.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Economics
  • Sustainable Development

Background:

  • Economic growth traditionally correlates with increased resource consumption and waste generation.
  • Environmental impacts stem from large-scale resource extraction and emissions.
  • Understanding the relationship between economic activity and material use is crucial for sustainability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the resource dependency of economic activities across developing, emerging, and mature industrialized economies over several decades.
  • To investigate the diversity of economic dependencies on material use, moving beyond a single development pathway.
  • To test for relative and absolute decoupling of economies from material use and carbon emissions.

Main Methods:

  • Cluster analysis to identify diverse patterns of economic dependencies on material use.
  • Panel analysis to test for decoupling of economies from material use and carbon emissions.
  • Comparative analysis of single countries and country groupings.

Main Results:

  • A diversity of economic dependencies on material use was found, not a single universal pathway.
  • Emerging and developing economies exhibit stronger long-term material-economic coupling than mature economies, potentially influenced by trade.
  • Short-term coupling shows the opposite trend, with mature economies having stronger short-term coupling.
  • Absolute dematerialization was found to limit economic growth rates.
  • Successful industrialization in developing countries necessitates significant material input.

Conclusions:

  • Mature economies need to reduce absolute consumption levels to achieve sustainability.
  • Emerging and developing economies must avoid resource-intensive development pathways to ensure sustainable human development.
  • Alternative development priorities are essential for both mature and emerging economies to balance economic growth with environmental protection.