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Crossover between integer and fractional vortex lattices in coherently coupled two-component Bose-Einstein
Mattia Cipriani1, Muneto Nitta
1Department of Physics "E. Fermi", University of Pisa, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare-Sezione di Pisa, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
Physical Review Letters
|November 12, 2013
Summary
Internal coherent coupling in rotating two-component Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) transforms fractional vortices into integer vortices. This transition involves the formation and breaking of vortex bound states like hexamers and tetramers.
Area of Science:
- Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Quantum Gases
Background:
- Two-component Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) exhibit complex vortex lattice structures when subjected to rotation.
- The influence of internal coherent (Rabi) coupling on these vortex lattices is not fully understood.
- Understanding these structures is crucial for exploring quantum phase transitions and emergent phenomena.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of internal coherent (Rabi) coupling on vortex lattice formation in rotating two-component BECs.
- To map the transition pathway from Rabi coupling-induced vortex states to the standard Abrikosov lattice.
- To characterize the role of intercomponent coupling in mediating these structural changes.
Main Methods:
- Theoretical modeling of two-component BECs with rotation and Rabi coupling.
- Numerical simulations to observe vortex lattice dynamics and stability.
- Analysis of vortex configurations, including fractional vortices and their bound states.
Main Results:
- For small Rabi couplings, fractional vortices form multidimer bound states (hexamers or tetramers) depending on intercomponent coupling.
- At intermediate Rabi couplings, these bound states dissociate into smaller dimer structures.
- Vortices dynamically rearrange and re-pair as Rabi coupling increases, eventually forming the Abrikosov lattice of integer vortices.
Conclusions:
- Rabi coupling acts as a control parameter to tune the topological order of vortex lattices in rotating two-component BECs.
- The study reveals a novel pathway for the emergence of the Abrikosov lattice from fractional vortex states.
- Intercomponent coupling plays a critical role in the specific configurations and transitions of vortex bound states.
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