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Related Concept Videos

Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

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Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of...
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Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

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Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
668
In Vitro Fertilization01:24

In Vitro Fertilization

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In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...
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Meiosis II01:57

Meiosis II

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Meiosis II is the second and final stage of meiosis. It relies on the haploid cells produced during meiosis I, each of which contain only 23 chromosomes—one from each homologous initial pair. Importantly, each chromosome in these cells is composed of two joined copies, and when these cells enter meiosis II, the goal is to separate such sister chromatids using the same microtubule-based network employed in other division processes. The result of meiosis II is two haploid cells, each...
169.4K
Fertilization01:38

Fertilization

68.9K
During fertilization, an egg and sperm cell fuse to create a new diploid structure. In humans, the process occurs once the egg has been released from the ovary, and travels into the fallopian tubes. The process requires several key steps: 1) sperm present in the genital tract must locate the egg; 2) once there, sperm need to release enzymes to help them burrow through the protective zona pellucida of the egg; and 3) the membranes of a single sperm cell and egg must fuse, with the sperm...
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Reproductive Cloning01:27

Reproductive Cloning

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Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic...
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Updated: May 6, 2026

Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction
12:03

Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction

Published on: March 25, 2021

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EMAS position statement: Fertility preservation.

Gesthimani Mintziori1, Irene Lambrinoudaki2, Iuliana Ceausu3

  • 1Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.

Maturitas
|November 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fertility preservation is crucial for individuals undergoing gonadotoxic treatments due to cancer or delayed parenthood. Discussing fertility preservation options early is essential for both pre-pubertal and post-pubertal men and women.

Keywords:
Embryo cryopreservationFertility preservationGonadotoxicityOocyte cryopreservationSperm cryopreservation

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Oncology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Rising cancer incidence necessitates fertility preservation strategies.
  • Delayed parenthood increases demand for reproductive options.
  • Gonadotoxic treatments pose risks to fertility in all age groups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically appraise current fertility preservation methods.
  • To provide evidence-based recommendations for men and women.
  • To address fertility preservation in pre-pubertal and post-pubertal individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review.
  • Consensus-building among reproductive experts.
  • Evidence appraisal of available fertility preservation techniques.

Main Results:

  • Fertility preservation is a priority for patients receiving gonadotoxic therapy.
  • Minimizing gonadotoxicity is a key objective.
  • Early discussion of fertility preservation is recommended.

Conclusions:

  • Proactive fertility preservation is vital for reproductive-aged individuals.
  • Gonadotoxic effects on fertility must be minimized.
  • Timely consultation regarding fertility preservation options is paramount.