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Updated: May 6, 2026

Clean Sampling and Analysis of River and Estuarine Waters for Trace Metal Studies
Published on: July 1, 2016
Heavy metal pollution and potential ecological risks in rivers: a case study from southern Italy
Carmela Protano1, Loredana Zinnà, Saverio Giampaoli
1Environmental Chemistry, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy, carmela.protano@uniroma1.it.
Abstract:
We monitored heavy metal (As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) concentrations in surface water, sediments, and oligochaetes in four major rivers in Calabria (southern Italy) over the course of 1 year. As, Cd, and Pb showed accumulation factors of 10(3)-10(5) for water to sediment and 1-10 for sediment to oligochaetes. Hg showed a water to sediment accumulation factor of 10-100. Finally, Hg concentrations exceeded the Italian quality standard for freshwater in all of the rivers, and As concentrations in sediments exceeded the respective Canadian standard. However, the application of an ecological risk assessment method indicated low risks for all monitored rivers.
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