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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
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Lipid Catabolism01:25

Lipid Catabolism

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Triglycerides serve as crucial long-term energy storage molecules in microorganisms, providing a dense source of metabolic energy. Their breakdown is mediated by lipases, which hydrolyze triglycerides into glycerol and free fatty acids. Each of these components follows distinct metabolic pathways, ultimately contributing to ATP synthesis and cellular energy homeostasis.Glycerol MetabolismGlycerol, released from triglyceride hydrolysis, is phosphorylated by glycerol kinase to form...
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Lipid Absorption01:24

Lipid Absorption

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Dietary triglycerides from chyme in the duodenum are mixed with bile salts produced by the liver to emulsify fats. As a result, large droplets are broken down into smaller ones, increasing the surface area for enzymatic action. Once emulsified, pancreatic lipases hydrolyze the triglycerides into free fatty acids and monoglycerides.
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Lipid-derived Compounds in the Human Body01:31

Lipid-derived Compounds in the Human Body

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Fats and lipids are crucial components in the human body. Some lipid-derived compounds, such as fat-soluble vitamins, eicosanoids, lipoproteins, and glycolipids, also play unique roles to support various  biological processes .
Fat-soluble Vitamins
Fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E, and K, are required in minimal quantities, but their deficiencies can lead to severely abnormal physiological conditions. For example, vitamin A deficiency can cause night blindness, dry skin,...
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Lipid Digestion01:06

Lipid Digestion

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Lipids are large molecules that are generally not water-soluble. Since most of the digestive enzymes in the human body are water-based, there are specific steps the body must take to break down lipids and make them available for use.
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Lipids as Anchors01:32

Lipids as Anchors

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In the plasma membrane, the lipids forming the bilayer can also act as an anchor to tether proteins to the membrane. The three main types of lipid anchors found in eukaryotes are – prenyl groups, fatty acyl groups, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol or GPI groups. Prenyl and fatty acyl groups act as anchors on the cytosolic surface of the membrane, whereas GPI anchors proteins on the extracellular side.
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Lipid Droplet Isolation for Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Analysis
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HCV and host lipids: an intimate connection.

Esperance A K Schaefer1, Raymond T Chung

  • 1Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, GI Unit, Boston, Massachusetts.

Seminars in Liver Disease
|November 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) hijacks host lipid metabolism for its entire life cycle, from entry to replication and packaging. Targeting these host-pathogen interactions may reveal new therapeutic strategies for HCV infection.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global health concern.
  • HCV pathogenesis is intricately linked to host lipid metabolism.
  • Clinical observations show altered cholesterol levels in HCV patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the multifaceted role of host lipid metabolism in the HCV life cycle.
  • To identify host factors and pathways exploited by HCV for replication and assembly.
  • To explore potential therapeutic targets within these host-viral interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on HCV and host lipid metabolism.
  • Analysis of viral entry mechanisms involving host receptors.
  • Investigation of intracellular viral manipulation of host lipogenic pathways.

Main Results:

  • HCV utilizes host lipoprotein receptors (e.g., SRB1, LDL-R, NPC1L1) for hepatocyte entry.
  • HCV induces lipogenesis and sterol response element binding protein (SREBP) activity.
  • The virus is packaged into lipoviral particles resembling very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL).

Conclusions:

  • HCV extensively manipulates host lipid metabolism throughout its life cycle.
  • The interplay between HCV and host lipids offers novel drug targets for treatment.
  • Understanding these pathways can lead to improved therapeutic strategies for chronic hepatitis C.