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Related Concept Videos

The Significance of Membrane Transport01:44

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The transport of solutes across the cell membrane is essential for metabolic processes, like maintaining cell size and volume, generating the action potential, exchanging nutrients and gases, etc. Membrane transport can be either passive or active. It can be simple diffusion, facilitated, or mediated transport aided by transport proteins such as transporters and channels.
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ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporter is the largest superfamily of integral membrane proteins. The transporters have transmembrane-binding domains (TMDs) and nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs). The TMDs are specific to their substrates, whereas the NBDs are similar to engines that complete ATP hydrolysis to complete the substrate transport. They can be full transporters consisting of two TMDs and NBDs, half transporters with one TMD and NBD, while some encoded with a single TMD or NBD are...
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Transporters are essential membrane transport proteins with functions related to cell nutrition, homeostasis, communication, etc. Approximately 7% of all genes in the human genome code for transporters or transporter-related proteins.
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ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporters are a class of ATP-driven pumps that hydrolyze ATP to move solutes across the membrane. They can be grouped into importers and exporters. While exporters are present in all domains of life, importers exist only in bacteria and some plants.
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Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
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One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme "pump" embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
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Author Spotlight: Expression and Purification of Human Solute Carrier Transporters Using Codon-Optimized Genes
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The transporter classification database.

Milton H Saier1, Vamsee S Reddy, Dorjee G Tamang

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA.

Nucleic Acids Research
|November 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Transporter Classification Database (TCDB) is a comprehensive resource for transport protein research, organizing over 10,000 proteins into a universal, hierarchical system. It provides extensive data and serves as a key reference for the scientific community.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • The Transporter Classification Database (TCDB) is a vital resource for understanding molecular transport systems.
  • It currently houses over 10,000 non-redundant transport proteins from all known families.
  • TCDB is the sole universal transporter classification system recognized by the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present an updated version of the TCDB, detailing recent expansions and improvements.
  • To highlight the database's structure, content, and utility for researchers in transport protein science.
  • To emphasize TCDB's role as a central reference point and model for biological database development.

Main Methods:

  • Manual curation of transport protein data.
  • Organization of proteins into a five-level hierarchical classification system (class, subclass, family, subfamily, transport system).
  • Integration of hyperlinks for superfamilies and interconnections with other relevant databases.

Main Results:

  • The TCDB now includes over 10,000 non-redundant proteins, encompassing all recognized transmembrane molecular transport systems.
  • The database provides extensive textual descriptions covering structural, functional, mechanistic, and evolutionary aspects.
  • Enhanced connectivity to other databases and unique software support have been implemented.

Conclusions:

  • TCDB serves as an indispensable, universally recognized reference for transport protein research.
  • The database's comprehensive and curated information supports a wide range of scientific investigations.
  • TCDB's ongoing development and integration capabilities make it a model for biological database expansion.