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A chemical symbol is an abbreviation that is used to indicate an element or an atom of an element. For example, the symbol for mercury is Hg. We use the same symbol to indicate one atom of mercury (microscopic domain) or to label a container of many atoms of the element mercury (macroscopic domain).
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Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
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Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent01:23

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Benzene is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon or arene. The IUPAC names for simple monosubstituted benzene derivatives are derived by adding the substituent's name as a prefix to the parent benzene. For example, halobenzene, where the halogen could be fluoro (F), chloro (Cl), bromo (Br), and iodo (I).
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The naming of enantiomers employs the Cahn–Ingold–Prelog rules that involve assigning priorities to different substituent groups at a chiral center. Each enantiomer, being a distinct molecule, is assigned a unique name by the Cahn–Ingold–Prelog (CIP) rules, also called the R–S system. The prefix R- or S- attached to the chiral centers in an enantiomer is dependent on the spatial arrangement of the four substituents on the chiral center. The R–S system...
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In the late 19th-century, the number of new chemical compounds discovered increased tremendously. Hence, the necessity arose to develop a naming system for the systematic nomenclature of these newly discovered compounds. IUPAC (International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry), established in 1919, sets rules for the nomenclature.
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Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons characterized by the presence of carbon-carbon triple bonds and have a general formula CnH2n-2. The nomenclature of alkynes follows a set of rules similar to alkanes and alkenes; however, alkynes bear the suffix "-yne" instead of "-ane" or "-ene." There are two approaches to naming alkynes:
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CheNER: chemical named entity recognizer.

Anabel Usié1, Rui Alves, Francesc Solsona

  • 1Department of Basic Medical Science (CMB), University of Lleida & IRBLleida, Department of Computers an Industrial Engineering (DIEI), University of Lleida, Lleida and Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)
|November 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

CheNER is a new tool for automatically identifying International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) chemical names. It offers superior performance and efficient resource utilization for chemical named entity recognition.

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Area of Science:

  • Computational chemistry
  • Bioinformatics
  • Natural Language Processing

Background:

  • Chemical named entity recognition (NER) is crucial for information extraction from text.
  • Few freely available tools exist for chemical NER, especially for complex IUPAC names.
  • Identifying IUPAC names presents a significant challenge due to their intricate structure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce CheNER, a novel tool for automated identification of systematic IUPAC chemical mentions.
  • To address the limitations of existing tools in recognizing complex IUPAC chemical nomenclature.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the CheNER tool for chemical named entity recognition.
  • Evaluation of CheNER's performance against established systems using a literature corpus.

Main Results:

  • CheNER demonstrates superior performance in specifically identifying IUPAC chemical names.
  • The tool exhibits efficient use of computational resources compared to other systems.
  • CheNER provides a valuable solution for extracting systematic chemical information.

Conclusions:

  • CheNER offers an effective and resource-efficient solution for identifying IUPAC chemical names.
  • The tool enhances the capabilities of chemical named entity recognition.
  • CheNER is available for download and implementation.