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Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
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Memory coding in individuals with Down syndrome.

Silvia Lanfranchi1, Elena Toffanin, Simona Zilli

  • 1a Department of Developmental Psychology , University of Padova , Padova , Italy.

Child Neuropsychology : a Journal on Normal and Abnormal Development in Childhood and Adolescence
|November 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Individuals with Down syndrome exhibit a verbal working memory deficit, performing worse on memory tasks than typically developing children. This deficit persists even with visual coding, highlighting challenges in phonological short-term memory.

Keywords:
Down syndromeIntellectual disabilityVerbal memoryVisuospatial memoryWorking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Down syndrome is associated with known deficits in phonological short-term memory.
  • Understanding the specific nature of working memory challenges in Down syndrome is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the verbal working memory performance of individuals with Down syndrome using a picture span task.
  • To compare their performance against typically developing children matched for mental age.
  • To explore the coding strategies employed by individuals with Down syndrome for visually presented items.

Main Methods:

  • A picture span task was administered to 30 individuals with Down syndrome and 30 typically developing children.
  • Four conditions were used: dissimilar, phonologically similar, visually similar, and long-name items.
  • Performance was analyzed to identify differences in working memory capacity and coding strategies.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with Down syndrome performed significantly worse than typically developing children.
  • Both groups demonstrated a visual similarity effect, indicating reliance on visual coding to some extent.
  • The results suggest a persistent verbal working memory deficit in Down syndrome, irrespective of visual presentation.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals with Down syndrome possess a verbal working memory deficit, even when presented with visually codable items.
  • Mental age is a significant factor influencing the memory coding strategies in individuals with Down syndrome.
  • These findings underscore the need for tailored educational and therapeutic approaches addressing working memory limitations.