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Measuring the Functional Abilities of Children Aged 3-6 Years Old with Observational Methods and Computer Tools
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Developmental Profile and Variability in Preschool-Age Children With Down Syndrome.

Sara Onnivello1, Giuseppe Ramacieri2,3, Elisa Rossi1

  • 1Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.

Journal of Intellectual Disability Research : JIDR
|June 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Preschool children with Down syndrome (DS) show developmental strengths in personal-social and gross motor skills, but greater variability in language and social-emotional domains. This highlights key areas for early intervention planning in DS.

Keywords:
Down syndromedevelopmental profilemilestonesvariability

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Published on: December 14, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Pediatrics
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Limited understanding of preschool-age Down syndrome (DS) developmental and cognitive profiles.
  • Focus on identifying developmental variability within specific domains in young children with DS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Define the developmental profile of preschool-aged children with Down syndrome (DS).
  • Explore functional variability across developmental domains in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed 43 preschool-aged children (38-76 months) with DS using the Griffiths-III scales.
  • Utilized multivariate linear models for developmental data analysis.

Main Results:

  • Identified a 'peaks-and-valleys' developmental profile in children with DS.
  • Observed higher performance in Personal-Social-Emotional and Gross Motor domains.
  • Noted significant interindividual variability in Language and Communication and Personal-Social-Emotional domains.

Conclusions:

  • Characterized specific strengths and weaknesses in preschool-aged children with DS.
  • Highlighted significant variability in verbal and personal-social-emotional development.
  • Provided insights for targeted early intervention strategies to support children with DS.