One versus two implant-retained dentures: comparing biomechanics under oblique mastication forces

The results from clinical tests of single implant-retained dentures (SIDs) are quite promising. However, the biomechanics of SIDs are still insufficiently determined. The aim of the study was to compare the implant loads and pressures beneath one and two implant-retained dentures (TIDs) under oblique mastication forces. The finite element method was used to conduct a model analysis in order to compare loading of the denture attachment onto the implant that accompanies oblique mastication forces in the cases of SIDs and TIDs. The possibility of a denture detaching and sliding on the mucous membrane surface was simulated. The SID solution faced a more remarkable tilt in the direction of the mastication forces, a higher pressures on the mucous membrane surface, and higher implant loadings. The hingelike restraints in the TID favored utilization of the support in the posterior area. The higher pressure values for the SID can be confusing and could lead to inaccurate conclusions about the acceptability of the SID. In the TID, the same areas of the mucous membrane were persistently loaded, independent of the occlusal force direction. In contrast, in the SID the full freedom of rotational movement enhances alternating use of the mucous membrane. This finding explains the more frequent sores in the mucous membrane beneath the TID than beneath the SID.