The role of the insulin‑like growth factor (IGF) axis in osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation

The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis is a multicomponent molecular network which has important biological functions in the development and maintenance of differentiated tissue function(s). One of the most important functions of the IGF axis is the control of skeletal tissue metabolism by the finely tuned regulation of the process of osteogenesis. To achieve this, the IGF axis controls the activity of several cell types—osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts to achieve the co-ordinated development of appropriate hard tissue structure and associated matrix deposition. In addition, there is an increasing awareness that the IGF axis also plays a role in the process of odontogenesis (tooth formation). In this review, we highlight some of the key findings in both of these areas. A further understanding of the role of the IGF axis in hard tissue biology may contribute to tissue regeneration strategies in cases of skeletal tissue trauma.