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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

A Rapid and Specific Microplate Assay for the Determination of Intra- and Extracellular Ascorbate in Cultured Cells

A Rapid and Specific Microplate Assay for the Determination of Intra- and Extracellular Ascorbate in Cultured Cells

Published on: April 11, 2014

Utilization of ascorbate-2-sulfate in fish.

B W Tucker¹, J E Halver

¹College of Ocean and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, WH-10, 98195, Seattle, WA.

Fish Physiology and Biochemistry

|November 16, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Many fish species require dietary vitamin C. Ascorbate-2-sulfate (C2) is a stable, bioavailable form of vitamin C, crucial for aquaculture feed formulation.

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Aquaculture Nutrition
Comparative Physiology

Background:

Most vertebrates synthesize L-ascorbic acid (C1), but some species, like fish, require dietary vitamin C.
Fish uniquely store a stable form, ascorbate-2-sulfate (C2), which is often not measured by standard assays.
C2 contributes to total body ascorbate but is overlooked in conventional vitamin C measurements.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the importance of ascorbate-2-sulfate (C2) in fish nutrition.
To present methods for measuring both L-ascorbic acid (C1) and C2 in biological samples.
To advocate for the inclusion of C2 in aquaculture feed formulations.

Main Methods:

Utilized High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) to accurately quantify C1 and C2.
Modified the standard DNPH assay to estimate total vitamin C vitamers (C1 and C2).
Evaluated the stability and bioavailability of C2 in feed contexts.

Main Results:

HPLC effectively distinguishes and measures both C1 and C2.
Modified DNPH assay provides adequate estimation of total vitamin C (C1 + C2).
Ascorbate-2-sulfate (C2) is a heat- and water-stable form of vitamin C.

Conclusions:

Accurate measurement of both C1 and C2 is essential for understanding vitamin C status in fish.
Ascorbate-2-sulfate (C2) offers a stable and bioavailable vitamin C source for aquaculture.
Incorporating C2 into feed for salmonids, catfish, eels, shrimp, and carp is recommended for optimal nutrition.