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Updated: May 5, 2026

Treatment of Facial Deformities using 3D Planning and Printing of Patient-Specific Implants
Published on: May 23, 2020
Digital model planning and computerized fabrication of orthognathic surgery wafers
Richard R J Cousley1, Mark J A Turner
1Richard RJ Cousley, Orthodontic Department, Peterborough City Hospital, Bretton Gate, Peterborough, PE3 9GZ, UK Richard.Cousley@pbh-tr.nhs.uk.
Abstract:
Conventional orthognathic wafers are made by a process involving manual movement of stone dental models and acrylic laboratory fabrication. In addition, a facebow record and semi-adjustable articulator system are required for maxillary osteotomy cases. This paper introduces a novel process of producing both intermediate and final orthognathic surgical wafers using a combination of computerized digital model simulation and three-dimensional print fabrication, without the need for either a facebow record or the additional ionizing radiation exposure associated with cone beam computerized tomography.

