Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

2.6K
2.6K
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

11.6K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
11.6K
Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Repeated Measures, Cross-Over, Carry-Over, and Latin Square Designs01:15

Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Repeated Measures, Cross-Over, Carry-Over, and Latin Square Designs

422
Bioequivalence experimental study designs play a pivotal role in testing the effectiveness of various treatments. Key among these are the repeated measures, cross-over, carry-over, and Latin square designs. In the repeated measures design, each subject receives all treatments, allowing for temporal comparisons. This type of design is useful in reducing variability but requires careful planning to avoid bias.The cross-over design, an economical method, involves sequential administration of...
422
Translation01:31

Translation

133.7K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
133.7K
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

631
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
631
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

4.5K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
4.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The evolving global landscape of first-in-class oncology drug innovation.

Signal transduction and targeted therapy·2026
Same author

Clinically Meaningful, Patient-Centered Endpoints for Real-World Evidence Generation in Breast Cancer: Perspectives from the Multidisciplinary TRIUMPH Initiative.

Advances in therapy·2026
Same author

Correction: Feemster et al. Implications of Cross-Reactivity and Cross-Protection for Pneumococcal Vaccine Development. <i>Vaccines</i> 2024, <i>12</i>, 974.

Vaccines·2025
Same author

Real-World Evidence Acceptability and Use in Breast Cancer Treatment Decision-Making in the United States: Call-to-Action from a Multidisciplinary Think Tank.

Advances in therapy·2025
Same author

Use of real-world evidence in the Medicare Drug Price Negotiation Program: A checklist for the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and manufacturers.

Health affairs scholar·2025
Same author

PCV13-Serotype Breakthrough Pneumococcal Disease in Infants Receiving High-Valency Conjugate Vaccines: Population-Level Modeling in France.

Infectious diseases and therapy·2025
Same journal

Access in all areas? A round-up of developments in market access and health technology assessment: part 15.

Journal of comparative effectiveness research·2026
Same journal

Healthcare resource utilization and costs in patients with multiple myeloma administered ciltacabtagene autoleucel in outpatient versus inpatient settings after one to three prior lines of therapy.

Journal of comparative effectiveness research·2026
Same journal

Considerations for assessing the feasibility of network meta-analysis of seasonal vaccines.

Journal of comparative effectiveness research·2026
Same journal

Covariate selection and adjustment for efficacy and safety endpoints in indirect comparative effectiveness analyses of CAR-T-cell therapies for large B-cell lymphoma: a systematic review.

Journal of comparative effectiveness research·2026
Same journal

Acthar Gel treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, or dermatomyositis/polymyositis: analysis of physician-reported charts.

Journal of comparative effectiveness research·2026
Same journal

Use of intracardiac echocardiography and three-dimensional mapping during catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation is associated with reduced complications: a retrospective analysis of United States Medicare Fee-For-Service Database.

Journal of comparative effectiveness research·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting
06:16

Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting

Published on: June 6, 2020

5.8K

Incorporating stakeholder perspectives in developing a translation table framework for comparative effectiveness

Richard E Gliklich1, Michelle B Leavy, Priscilla Velentgas

  • 1Outcome, A Quintiles Company, 201 Broadway, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research
|November 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study identified key factors influencing comparative effectiveness research (CER) study design selection. Stakeholders emphasized specific research questions and diverse study designs for robust CER findings.

More Related Videos

A Protocol for Using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis to Identify the Appropriate Animal Model for Translational Research
09:35

A Protocol for Using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis to Identify the Appropriate Animal Model for Translational Research

Published on: August 16, 2017

16.6K
The Participant-Reported Implementation Update and Score PRIUS: A Novel Method for Capturing Implementation-Related Data Over Time
06:05

The Participant-Reported Implementation Update and Score PRIUS: A Novel Method for Capturing Implementation-Related Data Over Time

Published on: February 19, 2021

3.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 5, 2026

Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting
06:16

Involving Individuals with Developmental Language Disorder and Their Parents/Carers in Research Priority Setting

Published on: June 6, 2020

5.8K
A Protocol for Using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis to Identify the Appropriate Animal Model for Translational Research
09:35

A Protocol for Using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis to Identify the Appropriate Animal Model for Translational Research

Published on: August 16, 2017

16.6K
The Participant-Reported Implementation Update and Score PRIUS: A Novel Method for Capturing Implementation-Related Data Over Time
06:05

The Participant-Reported Implementation Update and Score PRIUS: A Novel Method for Capturing Implementation-Related Data Over Time

Published on: February 19, 2021

3.3K

Area of Science:

  • Health Services Research
  • Comparative Effectiveness Research

Background:

  • Selecting appropriate study designs is crucial for effective comparative effectiveness research (CER).
  • Understanding stakeholder perspectives is vital for developing practical research frameworks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify factors influencing study design selection in CER through a stakeholder-driven process.
  • To explore the basis for a translation framework for CER study design selection.

Main Methods:

  • Assembled a diverse stakeholder committee.
  • Gathered input via surveys, interviews, and an in-person meeting.
  • Analyzed stakeholder recommendations and influencing factors.

Main Results:

  • Stakeholders recommended varied study designs and prioritized different outcomes for specific CER topic areas.
  • Key themes emerged, including the necessity of precise research questions prior to design selection.
  • The importance of employing multiple, potentially diverse, study designs to address CER topics was highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • Stakeholder input is essential for developing effective CER study design selection processes.
  • A highly specific research question is a prerequisite for choosing appropriate study designs.
  • Utilizing multiple study designs enhances the ability to address complex CER topic areas.