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Updated: May 5, 2026

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Changes in mental state associated with prison environments: a systematic review.

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Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
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Mental health in prison may initially decline but improves over time. Larger prisons and overcrowding negatively impact inmate well-being, highlighting the need for better prison environments.

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Psychology
  • Public Health
  • Mental Health Research

Background:

  • Prison environments significantly impact inmate mental health.
  • Understanding the stability of mental health during incarceration is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing research on the relationship between the physical prison environment and mental state changes in prisoners.
  • To understand the stability of mental health during imprisonment.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted.
  • The search focused on changes in mental state related to imprisonment and the prison environment.

Main Results:

  • Fifteen longitudinal studies were analyzed, identifying themes of prison regime, stage of imprisonment, and social density.
  • Initial psychiatric symptoms upon reception into prison tend to improve over time.
  • Larger prison size and extreme social density are linked to poorer mental states.

Conclusions:

  • Significant gaps exist in research, particularly in high-quality longitudinal studies.
  • While initial mental state may worsen upon entry, it improves with time.
  • Overcrowding poses a substantial risk to inmate mental health services.