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Related Concept Videos

The Skin Microbiota01:27

The Skin Microbiota

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The human skin serves as a complex ecosystem inhabited by a diverse community of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining skin health and defending against pathogenic invaders. The composition of microbial communities varies significantly across different regions of the body, influenced primarily by the local levels of moisture and sebum.Regional Variation in Skin MicrobiotaCutibacterium acnes predominantly colonizes sebaceous...
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Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

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Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
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Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Functions of the Gut Microbiota

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The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
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Introduction to the Integumentary System01:25

Introduction to the Integumentary System

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The integumentary system is the organ system that comprises the skin and its associated structures. It is the largest system in the human body and plays a crucial role in protecting and maintaining homeostasis. The integumentary system serves several functions including protection, regulation, sensation, and secretion.
The skin, which is the primary organ of the integumentary system, consists of three main layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue). The epidermis is the...
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Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair and Hair Follicles01:16

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair and Hair Follicles

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Hair and hair follicles are integral components of the integumentary system. Hair is a filamentous structure composed mainly of a protein called keratin. It is found on the surface of the skin throughout the body, except for areas such as the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
Hair is a keratinous filament growing out of the epidermis. It is primarily made of dead, keratinized cells. Hair strands originate at the epidermal penetration called the hair follicle. The hair shaft is the part...
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Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

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Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen...
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Related Experiment Video

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Author Spotlight: Enhancing Skin Model Diversity with Cost-Effective 3D Cellular Models
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Structure and function of the human skin microbiome.

Nina N Schommer1, Richard L Gallo

  • 1Division of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.

Trends in Microbiology
|November 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary

The human skin hosts a diverse microbiome of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This review explores how these microbes interact with the human body, influencing health and distinguishing beneficial from harmful organisms.

Keywords:
microbial diversitymicrobiotaskin diseasesskin health

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Human Physiology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • The human skin harbors a vast and varied community of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
  • The composition of this skin microbiome differs significantly among individuals and across different skin locations.
  • Factors influencing this variability are not fully understood but likely involve host genetics and environmental exposures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge of the skin microbiome.
  • To elucidate the impact of the skin microbiome on human health.
  • To summarize microbe-host interactions on the skin and differentiate commensal from pathogenic microbes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on the skin microbiome.
  • Analysis of data on microbial diversity and variability.
  • Synthesis of experimental findings on the biological functions of skin microbes.

Main Results:

  • The skin microbiome is abundant and diverse, varying by individual and body site.
  • Host genetics and environmental factors significantly shape the skin microbiome's composition.
  • Accumulating data reveals connections between skin microbiota and human physiology.

Conclusions:

  • The skin microbiome plays a crucial role in human health.
  • Understanding microbe-host interactions is key to comprehending skin health.
  • Distinguishing between commensal and pathogenic skin microbes is vital for health research.