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Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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MRI diffusion tractography study in individuals with schizotypal features: a pilot study.

Richard P Smallman1, Emma Barkus2, Hojjatollah Azadbakht3

  • 1Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.

Psychiatry Research
|November 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Individuals with schizotypal features show subtle white matter changes, specifically increased fractional anisotropy (FA) in the left uncinate fasciculus (UF). Mild hallucinatory experiences correlate with FA in the right arcuate fasciculus (AF).

Keywords:
Arcuate fasciculusDTILaunay–SladeSPQUncinate fasciculus

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) reveals white matter alterations in schizophrenia and high-risk individuals.
  • Schizotypal samples offer insights into the schizophrenia continuum, free from clinical confounds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare white matter tract microstructural coherence, measured by fractional anisotropy (FA), between schizotypal individuals and controls.
  • To investigate the uncinate fasciculus (UF) and arcuate fasciculus (AF) for differences in FA.

Main Methods:

  • Used Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) and probabilistic tractography (PICo) to analyze FA values in the UF and AF.
  • Compared FA values between 12 psychometrically defined schizotypes and healthy controls.
  • Examined partial correlations between subclinical hallucinatory/delusional experiences and FA values.

Main Results:

  • Schizotypal participants exhibited increased FA in the left hemisphere UF.
  • A positive correlation was found between FA values and hallucinatory experiences in the right AF within the whole sample.
  • Findings suggest subtle microstructural coherence changes in schizotypal individuals, differing from clinical schizophrenia samples.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals with schizotypal features display unique, subtle white matter microstructural changes.
  • Increased tract coherence may be associated with the formation of hallucinatory symptoms.