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Related Concept Videos

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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

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Protein engineering to target complement evasion in cancer.

Darrick Carter1, André Lieber2

  • 1PAI Life Sciences Inc., Seattle, WA, United States; Compliment Corp., Seattle, WA, United States.

FEBS Letters
|November 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary

The complement system aids immune responses but tumors evade it using inhibitory factors. Protein engineering strategies aim to overcome this resistance for improved cancer therapy outcomes.

Keywords:
CD46CD55CD59Complement inhibitionTumor immune evasion

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Protein Engineering

Background:

  • The complement system enhances immune responses via plasma factors, aiding in pathogen and tumor cell elimination.
  • Tumor cells employ complement inhibitory factors to evade immune detection and destruction, particularly as cancers progress.
  • The membrane attack complex (MAC) is a key effector of complement-mediated cell lysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of the classic complement pathway and inhibitory factors in cancer immune evasion.
  • To explore protein engineering strategies for enhancing complement fixation or reversing complement resistance in oncology.
  • To discuss therapeutic approaches involving engineered antibodies and complement inhibitors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on complement system function in cancer.
  • Analysis of tumor cell complement evasion mechanisms.
  • Examination of protein engineering techniques applied to complement therapeutics.

Main Results:

  • Tumor cells significantly up-regulate complement inhibitory factors to escape immune surveillance.
  • Current protein engineering efforts focus on enhancing antibody-mediated complement fixation.
  • Strategies include neutralizing inhibitory proteins and developing targeted complement inhibitors.

Conclusions:

  • Overcoming complement-mediated immune evasion is crucial for effective cancer therapy.
  • Engineered antibodies and targeted complement inhibitors show promise in reversing tumor resistance.
  • Protein engineering offers novel therapeutic avenues to improve cancer treatment outcomes by modulating the complement system.