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Potential prevention of small for gestational age in Australia: a population-based linkage study

Lee K Taylor1, Yuen Yi Cathy Lee, Kim Lim

  • 1Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence, New South Wales Ministry of Health, Sydney, Australia. ltayl@doh.health.nsw.gov.au.

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
|November 20, 2013
PubMed

Insights

Reducing smoking in pregnancy can decrease the rate of small for gestational age (SGA) infants. Early antenatal care and managing high-risk pregnancies may also help prevent SGA births.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Neonatal Health
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Small for gestational age (SGA) infants face higher risks of illness and death.
  • Identifying SGA risk factors is crucial for population-level prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify risk factors associated with SGA births.
  • To assess the potential for reducing SGA at a population level.

Main Methods:

  • Linked birth and hospital records from New South Wales (2007-2010).
  • Analysis stratified by preterm, term non-diabetic, and term diabetic mothers.
  • Logistic regression and generalized estimating equations used to analyze SGA risk factors and calculate population attributable fractions (PAFs) for modifiable factors.

Main Results:

  • Smoking during pregnancy was the leading modifiable risk factor, with the highest PAFs for preterm SGA (12.4%) and term SGA in non-diabetic mothers (10.3%).
  • Other modifiable factors like illicit drug use, pregnancy hypertension, and late antenatal care initiation showed lower PAFs (<3%).
  • Term infants of non-diabetic mothers constituted the largest proportion (88.5%) of SGA infants.

Conclusions:

  • Reducing smoking in pregnancy offers a significant opportunity to decrease SGA prevalence.
  • Earlier initiation of antenatal care and improved management of high-risk pregnancies may further contribute to reducing SGA rates.
Abstract

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