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Risk Factors of Congenital Heart Diseases: A Case-Control Study inNorthwest Iran
Mohammad Naghavi-Behzad1, Mahasti Alizadeh, Saber Azami
1Students' Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Insights
This study identified factors contributing to congenital heart disease (CHD) in newborns. Key factors include maternal medical history, gestational age, and previous cesarean sections, highlighting areas for preventative care.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Pediatrics
- Public Health
Background:
- Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) represent a significant public health concern due to their high prevalence.
- Despite their importance, the contributing factors to CHD development remain under-researched.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate and identify the key factors associated with the incidence of Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) in newborn infants.
- To provide data for developing strategies to reduce CHD prevalence in Northwest Iran.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study was conducted in Northwest Iran from 2002 to 2012, involving 473 infants.
- Data were collected via hospital records and maternal interviews for 267 infants with CHD (cases) and 206 healthy infants (controls).
- Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, T-test, Spearman's correlation, and multivariable logistic regression (OR with 95% CI), with P < 0.05 considered significant.
Main Results:
- Univariable analysis revealed significant associations between CHD incidence and factors such as previous cesarean sections, maternal medical history, gestational age, fetal weight, and various fetal physiological parameters.
- Multivariable analysis indicated that family history, prior cesarean sections, maternal medical history, and gestational age were significantly related to CHD occurrence.
Conclusions:
- Maternal factors like previous cesarean sections and medical history, alongside gestational age, are critical in CHD development.
- Recommendations include reducing cesarean rates, promoting pre-marriage counseling, managing maternal illnesses, and enhancing prenatal care to mitigate CHD incidence.
Introduction:
Congenital heart diseases are of immense importance and also a high prevalence. Contributing factors to developing these defects have not been abundantly studied. Therefore, the current study was conducted aiming at determining the effective factors on Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) in newborn infants of Northwest Iran.
Methods:
A case-control study was carried out in North-West of Iran from 2002 to 2012 and a total of 473 infants entered the study. Required data were obtained through check lists completed by the information of hospital records and interview with mothers of 267 newborn infants with CHD together with medical records of mothers as the case group, and 206 medical records of healthy infants at the same period all together with those of their mothers as the control group. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistical methods, T-test, Spearman's correlation coefficient, and Multi-variable Logistic Regression Model (OR with 95% CI), using SPSS.19. In the present study, P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results:
Based on the results of univariable analyses, the number of previous cesarean sections, past medical history of diseases, gestational age (GA), fetal weight at birth, diastolic blood pressure, fetal heart rate, pulse rate, fetal hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, and fetal head circumference at birth have significant relationship with incidence of congenital abnormalities (P<0.05). Family history, past cesarean sections history, past medical history and GA had significant relationship with CHD incidence.
Conclusion:
Based on the results of present study, in order to control and reduce the cases of CHD, it is crucial to make proper decisions and implement policies for reducing cesarean cases, lowering consanguineous marriages, providing proper pre-marriage counseling, prompt treatment of mothers' illnesses, improving pregnancy health care and mothers' health status for the purpose of better well-being of newborn infants.
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