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Related Concept Videos

Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

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Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
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The Vestibular System01:29

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The vestibular system is a set of inner ear structures that provide a sense of balance and spatial orientation. This system is comprised of structures within the labyrinth of the inner ear, including the cochlea and two otolith organs—the utricle and saccule. The labyrinth also contains three semicircular canals—superior, posterior, and horizontal—that are oriented on different planes.
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Cranial Nerves: Types Part II01:22

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Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves. While the first six innervate the head and neck, the latter six nerves innervate the head and neck, as well as organs and tissues in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. They facilitate communication, expression, and autonomic control within the human body.
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Gastrulation01:56

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Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...
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Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy01:19

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The cranial nerves are an important part of the complex network of nerves in the human body. These nerves emerge directly from the brain and are responsible for transmitting essential information between the brain and various parts of the head and neck. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, systematically numbered using Roman numerals from I to XII, beginning from the anterior and moving to the posterior of the brain. Each cranial nerve is uniquely identified by names that reflect its function...
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The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

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The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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Analysis of Neural Crest Migration and Differentiation by Cross-species Transplantation
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Cochleovestibular nerve development is integrated with migratory neural crest cells.

Lisa L Sandell1, Naomi E Butler Tjaden2, Amanda J Barlow3

  • 1University of Louisville, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Craniofacial Biology, Louisville, KY 40201, USA.

Developmental Biology
|November 21, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Mouse cochleovestibular nerve development involves neurons and glia. Neural crest cells (NCC) form a sheath around developing neurons, guiding nerve formation for hearing and balance.

Keywords:
3-dimensional3DAxonCVCochleaCraniofacialEEarGFPGreen Fluorescent ProteinNCCNeural crestNeuronOticPRVestibularcochleovestibularembryonic dayneural crest cellspostnatal dayrhombomere

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Otic Development

Background:

  • The cochleovestibular (CV) nerve is crucial for hearing and balance.
  • It originates from otic vesicle-derived neurons and neural crest cells (NCCs) that form glia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document the morphological development of the mouse CV nerve.
  • To understand the roles of otic vesicle progenitors and NCC progenitors in CV nerve formation.

Main Methods:

  • Whole mount immunostaining of mouse embryos with NCC lineage reporter transgenes.
  • Confocal microscopy to capture serial optical sections.
  • 3D reconstruction of the developing CV nerve structure.

Main Results:

  • NCCs and developing neurons exhibit coordinated development from early stages.
  • NCCs ensheath CV ganglia and central axons.
  • NCCs associate with peripheral neurites during vestibular and cochlear nerve formation.
  • NCC ablation in chick embryos shows NCCs guide axon regeneration.

Conclusions:

  • Neuronal and glial populations of the CV nerve develop in tandem.
  • NCCs play a critical role in guiding CV nerve formation and axon projection.