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Related Concept Videos

Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure01:26

Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

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Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living...
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Postoperative Nursing Management for Kidney Transplant PatientsPostoperative nursing management care includes monitoring the surgical site, encouraging early movement, and promoting lung health through breathing exercises. Nurses also administer prescribed medications like H2-blockers, such as famotidine, or proton pump inhibitors, like omeprazole, to help prevent gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Fungal infections in the mouth and bladder can result from immunosuppressive and antibiotic...
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A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...
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Tissue Transplantation01:24

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Tissue transplantation is a significant medical procedure involving the transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from a donor to a recipient, with the primary aim of restoring lost functions. This procedure is crucial in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including kidney diseases, liver failure, heart disease, and certain types of cancers.
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The biology of tissue transplantation hinges on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. These molecules...
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Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid...
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Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
HAIs significantly increase the cost of health care. Extended stays in healthcare institutions, increased disability, increased costs of medications, including specialized antibiotics, and prolonged recovery times add to the patient's expenses and the healthcare institution and funding bodies.
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Gastrointestinal infections after transplantation.

Lara Danziger-Isakov1

  • 1Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center.

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology
|November 22, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients face higher risks of gastrointestinal infections due to immunosuppression. Emerging data aids in preventing and treating these infections in high-risk transplant patients.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Transplantation Medicine

Background:

  • Patients undergoing solid organ transplant (SOT) and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) require long-term immunosuppression.
  • This immunosuppression significantly increases their susceptibility to infectious complications, particularly gastrointestinal infections.
  • Gastrointestinal infections are increasingly recognized as a major cause of morbidity in these vulnerable patient populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of gastrointestinal infections in SOT and HSCT recipients.
  • To highlight emerging pathogens and risk factors associated with these infections.
  • To emphasize the need for improved strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

Main Methods:

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  • Literature review of recent studies on gastrointestinal infections post-transplant.
  • Analysis of reported cases, causative agents, and identified risk factors.
  • Synthesis of epidemiological data and diagnostic advancements.

    • Main Results:

    • Increased reports of gastrointestinal infections, including bacterial (e.g., Clostridium difficile), viral (e.g., norovirus), and parasitic (e.g., Cryptosporidium) pathogens.
    • Identified risk factors include transplant type, immunosuppression regimens, and environmental exposures.
    • While often self-limiting, these infections can lead to significant morbidity and, rarely, mortality.

    Conclusions:

    • Advances in diagnostic techniques have improved the identification and reporting of gastrointestinal infections.
    • Enhanced understanding of the epidemiology of these infections is crucial for at-risk transplant populations.
    • This knowledge facilitates the development of more effective prevention, recognition, and treatment strategies.