Quantitative assessment of water diffusion changes in brains of children with neurofibromatosis type I using apparent...

We measured diffusion changes in the brains of children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Using diffusion-weighted and conventional magnetic resonance (MR) images of 42 children with NF1 (19 girls, 23 boys; 7 months-16 years, mean 6.8 years) and 42 age-matched controls (20 boys, 22 girls; 6 months-17 years, mean, 6.9 years), we calculated the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) from the automatically generated ADC maps and placed regions of interest in the pons, middle cerebellar and cerebral peduncles, thalami, globus pallidi and frontal white matter. Evaluating only normal-appearing regions on conventional images, we compared mean ADCs using the unpaired Student t test. Means were not significantly different in frontal white matter but were larger in the other regions in the NF1 (P < 0.01). Although conventional MR showed normal intensity, ADCs of the pons, middle cerebellar and cerebral peduncles, thalami and globus pallidi were significantly larger in the NF1.