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Observing high-pressure chemistry in graphene bubbles.

Candy Haley Yi Xuan Lim1, Milos Nesladek, Kian Ping Loh

  • 1Graphene Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543 (Singapore); NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Centre for Life Sciences #05-01, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456 (Singapore).

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|November 22, 2013
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Graphene nanobubbles confine liquids, enabling high-pressure chemical reactions. Researchers observed the polymerization of buckminsterfullerene (C60) under these unique conditions.

Keywords:
anvil cellsconformational changesdiamondgraphenehigh pressure

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Graphene nanobubbles at the graphene-diamond interface offer a unique environment for studying high-pressure phenomena.
  • The impermeability of these nanobubbles allows for the containment of solvents and the observation of chemical reactions under extreme conditions.
  • Optical transparency of graphene and diamond enables in-situ spectroscopic analysis of reactions within nanobubbles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate high-pressure molecular reactions within graphene nanobubbles.
  • To calibrate the pressure generated within nanobubbles as a function of temperature.
  • To observe and analyze the polymerization of buckminsterfullerene (C60) under high pressure.

Main Methods:

  • Infrared (IR) spectroscopy was employed to monitor molecular changes.
  • High-pressure reactions were conducted in liquids confined within graphene nanobubbles.
  • Pressure calibration was achieved by observing conformational changes in pressure-sensitive molecules.
  • The polymerization of buckminsterfullerene (C60) was studied using vibrational spectroscopy.

Main Results:

  • Graphene nanobubbles were formed at the graphene-diamond interface, creating highly impermeable environments.
  • Pressures up to approximately 1 GPa at 600 K were generated and calibrated within the nanobubbles.
  • The polymerization of buckminsterfullerene (C60), typically forbidden under ambient conditions, was observed to occur in distinct stages within the nanobubbles.
  • Vibrational spectroscopy confirmed chemical transformations under high pressure.

Conclusions:

  • Graphene nanobubbles provide a novel platform for conducting and studying high-pressure chemical reactions.
  • The study demonstrates the feasibility of using IR spectroscopy to probe reactions in confined, high-pressure environments.
  • The observed polymerization of C60 highlights the potential of nanobubble confinement to induce and control reactions not possible under ambient conditions.