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Somatosensation

Somatosensation

The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.

Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System

Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System

The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
The receptor level:
The receptor level is the first stage of sensation. It involves the detection of a stimulus by specialized sensory receptors. The stimulus must arrive within the receptor's receptive field. Next, the receptor converts the energy of the...

Tactile and Chemical Senses

Tactile and Chemical Senses

Tactile senses encompass touch, temperature, and pain, each mediated by specific receptors. Touch receptors detect mechanical energy or pressure against the skin. Sensory fibers from these receptors enter the spinal cord and relay information to the brain stem. Here, most fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain. The touch information then moves to the thalamus, which projects a map of the body's surface onto the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobes in the cerebral cortex.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Measurement of Vibration Detection Threshold and Tactile Spatial Acuity in Human Subjects

Measurement of Vibration Detection Threshold and Tactile Spatial Acuity in Human Subjects

Published on: September 1, 2016

Fluid-structure interaction-based biomechanical perception model for tactile sensing.

¹Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

|November 22, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study develops a biomechanical model for pneumatic haptic interfaces to improve tactile sensation reproduction. The research guides the design of advanced haptic devices for realistic texture simulation.

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Last Updated: May 5, 2026

Measurement of Vibration Detection Threshold and Tactile Spatial Acuity in Human Subjects

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Tactile Semiautomatic Passive-Finger Angle Stimulator TSPAS

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Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Haptics
Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

Haptic interfaces often reproduce only specific object attributes like vibration for material or pneumatic nozzles for shape.
Tactile biomechanics links external load responses to tactile perception, informing haptic device design.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish a fluid-structure interaction-based biomechanical model for pneumatic haptic interfaces.
To analyze responses to static and dynamic loads for better tactile texture reproduction.

Main Methods:

Developed a biomechanical model incorporating fluid-structure interaction.
Conducted numerical simulations and experimental validation.
Focused on pneumatic haptic interface mechanisms.

Main Results:

The model accurately predicts responses to static and dynamic loads.
Simulation and experimental results show good agreement.
Identified key parameters for tactile texture reproduction.

Conclusions:

The developed biomechanical model provides a theoretical foundation for pneumatic haptic interface design.
This approach enhances the ability to reproduce realistic tactile textures.
Advances understanding of tactile perception and haptic feedback.