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Pathology and classification of urticaria.

Malcolm W Greaves1

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Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America
|November 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Chronic spontaneous urticaria, often lasting over six weeks, may be linked to autoimmune factors. Research suggests specific HLA alleles and autoantibodies might cause this condition.

Keywords:
Acute urticariaAutoimmune urticariaChronic urticariaPhysical urticaria

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Chronic urticaria is defined as daily or near-daily hives for over six weeks.
  • It is classified into physical urticaria, triggered by stimuli, and spontaneous urticaria.
  • Acute urticaria is diagnosed with symptoms lasting less than six weeks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential autoimmune basis of chronic spontaneous urticaria.
  • To investigate the association between specific genetic markers and chronic spontaneous urticaria.
  • To identify potential autoantibodies involved in the pathogenesis of chronic spontaneous urticaria.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic analysis to assess HLA-DR and HLA-DQ allele frequencies in patients.
  • Serological testing for functional anti-FcεR1 and anti-IgE autoantibodies.
  • Clinical evaluation and classification of urticaria subtypes.

Main Results:

  • Patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria showed a higher prevalence of HLA-DR and HLA-DQ alleles.
  • Functional autoantibodies, specifically anti-FcεR1 and/or anti-IgE, were detected in a subset of these patients.
  • These findings suggest an autoimmune component in the development of chronic spontaneous urticaria.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic spontaneous urticaria may have an autoimmune etiology, indicated by specific HLA associations.
  • The presence of anti-FcεR1 and/or anti-IgE autoantibodies supports an autoimmune mechanism.
  • Further research into autoimmune pathways is warranted for understanding and treating chronic spontaneous urticaria.