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Related Concept Videos

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

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Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
286
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
293
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

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Overview
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Updated: May 5, 2026

Contact Hypersensitivity as a Murine Model of Allergic Contact Dermatitis
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Immunologic contact urticaria.

John McFadden1

  • 1Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH, UK.

Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America
|November 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Contact urticaria, a skin reaction to chemicals or proteins, can be nonimmunologic or immunologic. Immunologic reactions are often more severe and respond faster to skin testing.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Allergy and Immunology

Background:

  • Contact urticaria is a skin reaction triggered by direct contact with chemical or protein agents.
  • It is classified into two types: nonimmunologic and immunologic, based on sensitization.
  • Understanding these distinctions is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.

Observation:

  • Nonimmunologic contact urticaria does not require prior sensitization.
  • Immunologic contact urticaria involves sensitization and can lead to more severe, spreading reactions.
  • Skin testing reveals quicker responses in immunologic cases compared to nonimmunologic ones.

Findings:

  • Immunologic contact urticaria presents with a more aggravated response and potential for local spread.
  • The onset of skin testing reactions differs significantly between the immunologic and nonimmunologic forms.
Keywords:
AtopicContact urticariaCosmeticsFood

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  • A diverse range of agents, including low-molecular-weight chemicals (haptens) and proteins, can cause immunologic contact urticaria.

    • Implications:

    • Differentiating between immunologic and nonimmunologic contact urticaria is key for effective treatment strategies.
    • Faster skin test responses in immunologic cases aid in prompt identification.
    • Awareness of various causative agents, such as haptens and proteins, is vital for prevention and management of contact urticaria.