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Updated: Mar 25, 2026

Studying Protein Import into Chloroplasts Using Protoplasts
Published on: December 10, 2018
Biogenesis and homeostasis of chloroplasts and other plastids
Paul Jarvis1, Enrique López-Juez
1Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK.
Abstract:
Chloroplasts are the organelles that define plants, and they are responsible for photosynthesis as well as numerous other functions. They are the ancestral members of a family of organelles known as plastids. Plastids are remarkably dynamic, existing in strikingly different forms that interconvert in response to developmental or environmental cues. The genetic system of this organelle and its coordination with the nucleocytosolic system, the import and routing of nucleus-encoded proteins, as well as organellar division all contribute to the biogenesis and homeostasis of plastids. They are controlled by the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which is part of a network of regulatory mechanisms that integrate plastid development into broader programmes of cellular and organismal development.
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