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Related Concept Videos

Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

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Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Pericarditis I: Introduction01:22

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Pericarditis is defined as the inflammation of the pericardium, the thin, sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause significant chest pain and other symptoms, often necessitating medical intervention. The pericardium has two layers: the inner visceral layer and the outer parietal layer, separated by a small amount of fluid that reduces friction during heartbeats.Types of PericarditisPericarditis can be classified into several types based on the duration and nature of the...
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The heart wall comprises three distinct layers: the epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium. The outermost layer, the epicardium, is the visceral layer of the serous pericardium, featuring a thin, transparent mesothelial surface and an inner layer of areolar connective tissue with fat deposits that increase with age.
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Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Simultaneous 3D Analysis of Cardiac Damage and Immune Response in Reperfused Acute Myocardial Infarction Using Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy
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The heart in vasculitis.

Eli Miloslavsky1, Sebastian Unizony

  • 1Rheumatology Unit, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Yawkey 2, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.

Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America
|November 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary vasculitides frequently affect the heart, with specific types like Takayasu arteritis (TAK) and giant cell arteritis (GCA) posing significant risks. Early diagnosis and tailored treatments are crucial for managing cardiac complications and improving patient outcomes.

Keywords:
CardiomyopathyChurg-Strauss syndromeCoronary arteritisHeart diseasePolyarteritis nodosaTakayasu arteritisVasculitis

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Primary vasculitides are systemic inflammatory diseases affecting blood vessels.
  • Cardiac involvement is a known but often underappreciated complication across various vasculitic syndromes.
  • Specific vasculitides like Takayasu arteritis (TAK), polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) have higher cardiac predilection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the spectrum of cardiac manifestations in primary vasculitides.
  • To highlight the diagnostic and prognostic significance of cardiac involvement.
  • To outline current management strategies for cardiac complications in vasculitis.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of primary vasculitides and cardiac involvement.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data and clinical case series.
  • Synthesis of diagnostic imaging findings and pathological evidence.
  • Review of treatment guidelines and therapeutic outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Pericarditis, myocarditis, coronary arteritis, aortitis, and intracavitary thrombus are key cardiac complications.
  • Takayasu arteritis (TAK), polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) are frequently associated with cardiac issues.
  • Subclinical cardiac involvement is common across multiple vasculitides, including giant cell arteritis (GCA) and granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA).
  • Myocarditis, coronary arteritis, and valvular disease are poor prognostic indicators, often leading to heart failure.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiac involvement in primary vasculitides necessitates vigilant monitoring and prompt, aggressive management.
  • Treatment strategies must be individualized based on the affected cardiac structure and disease activity.
  • Addressing cardiovascular risk factors and employing heart failure-targeted therapies are essential adjuncts to immunosuppressive treatment.