Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

7.9K
Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
7.9K
Impression Management Techniques IV: Altercasting01:14

Impression Management Techniques IV: Altercasting

264
Altercasting is a strategic communication technique in which an individual imposes a specific identity or social role onto another person to influence their behavior and shape the interaction. By presuming a role—such as “responsible leader” or “patient person”—altercasting encourages the target to conform to that identity, often aligning their behavior with the expectations associated with the role. The power of this tactic lies in its subtlety; once a role...
264
Combined Effects of Drugs: Antagonism01:30

Combined Effects of Drugs: Antagonism

11.8K
The combined effects of drugs can result in various interactions, of which an important type is antagonism. Antagonism is a mechanism where one drug inhibits or counteracts the effects of another drug. Antagonism can occur through various means, including receptor binding, allosteric modulation, functional interaction, chemical reactions, and pharmacokinetic processes.
The most common type is receptor antagonism, where one drug acts as an antagonist to block the effects of another drug by...
11.8K
Agonism and Antagonism: Quantification01:14

Agonism and Antagonism: Quantification

1.4K
When drugs are administered, they can elicit either an agonist or antagonist effect on the body. Agonism occurs when a drug activates a specific receptor, triggering a biological response. On the other hand, antagonism happens when a drug binds to the same receptors but blocks their activation, thereby preventing a biological response.
To quantify these effects, researchers use a dose-response curve, which provides valuable information about the potency and efficacy of a drug. Potency refers to...
1.4K
Real-World Application of Classical Conditioning01:15

Real-World Application of Classical Conditioning

2.6K
Classical conditioning not only includes the initial pairing of stimuli but also extends to more complex forms, such as higher-order conditioning. Higher-order conditioning involves creating associations beyond the primary conditioned stimulus, resulting in a chain of conditioned responses.
Higher-order, or second-order, conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an already established conditioned stimulus through repeated pairings. For instance, if a dog has been...
2.6K
Antidotes01:17

Antidotes

1.4K
Antidotes are medicinal substances used to counteract the harmful effects of toxins or drugs in the body. They function in various ways, each uniquely designed to combat specific toxic compounds.
Specific antidotes operate by inhibiting the enzymes that control biochemical pathways, reducing the production of harmful metabolites.
An example of an antidote is atropine, which counteracts the detrimental effects of cholinesterase inhibitors. It achieves this by deactivating muscarinic receptors,...
1.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Predictability effects in the processing of negation: an ERP study.

Brain and language·2025
Same author

Trust Your Good Friends: Source-Free Domain Adaptation by Reciprocal Neighborhood Clustering.

IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence·2023
Same author

Sharing Perceptual Experiences through Language.

Journal of Intelligence·2023
Same author

Generative Multi-Label Zero-Shot Learning.

IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence·2023
Same author

Brain responses to negated and affirmative meanings in the auditory modality.

Frontiers in human neuroscience·2023
Same author

Class-Incremental Learning: Survey and Performance Evaluation on Image Classification.

IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

4.7K

Antonym canonicity: temporal and contextual manipulations.

Joost van de Weijer1, Carita Paradis1, Caroline Willners1

  • 1Centre for Languages and Literature, Lund University, Box 201, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.

Brain and Language
|November 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study investigated neurophysiological differences in antonym processing. Canonical antonyms, like black-white, showed distinct brain responses compared to non-canonical or unrelated word pairs.

Keywords:
AdjectivesAntonymyContextLexicalN400NounsSOASemanticsSwedish

More Related Videos

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition
12:49

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition

Published on: July 13, 2019

16.9K
The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

12.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 5, 2026

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

4.7K
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition
12:49

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition

Published on: July 13, 2019

16.9K
The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

12.0K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Semantics

Background:

  • Antonym relationships vary in their naturalness or canonicity.
  • Previous studies suggest differences in how the brain processes antonyms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate neurophysiological differences in processing canonical versus non-canonical antonyms.
  • To examine the influence of context on antonym processing using Event Related Potentials (ERPs).

Main Methods:

  • Two semantic categorization experiments were conducted.
  • Event Related Potentials (ERPs), specifically N400 amplitudes, were measured.
  • Participants processed canonical antonyms, non-canonical antonyms, and unrelated word pairs in isolation and in context.

Main Results:

  • In isolation, canonical antonyms elicited lower N400 amplitudes than non-canonical and unrelated pairs.
  • In a congruent context, significant differences in N400 amplitudes were observed across all three conditions, including between non-canonical antonyms and unrelated pairs.
  • Context significantly modulated the neurophysiological response to antonyms.

Conclusions:

  • Neurophysiological responses, as measured by N400 amplitudes, differ based on antonym canonicity.
  • Context plays a crucial role in the semantic processing of antonyms.
  • The brain distinguishes between different levels of antonym relatedness.