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Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

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Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
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Ethnic differences in undercorrected refractive error in Asians.

Chen-Wei Pan1, Peggy Pei-Chia Chiang, Tien Y Wong

  • 1*MD, PhD †PhD ‡MD §MPH, PhD Singapore Eye Research Institute (C-WP, PP-CC, TYW, Y-FZ, MC, S-MS, ELL, C-YC); Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health (C-WP, TYW, S-MS, C-YC) and Department of Ophthalmology (TYW, MC, S-MS, C-YC), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System; and Centre for Quantitative Medicine (C-YC), Office of Clinical Sciences, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore.

Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry
|November 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Undercorrected refractive error impacts vision functioning across ethnicities in Singapore. Indians had the highest prevalence, while Chinese had the lowest, suggesting potential barriers to visual correction.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Refractive error is a significant cause of vision impairment globally.
  • Undercorrected refractive error, where vision is not fully corrected by prescribed lenses, affects a substantial portion of the population.
  • Ethnic variations in refractive error prevalence and management are increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate ethnic disparities in the prevalence of undercorrected refractive error.
  • To identify risk factors associated with undercorrected refractive error.
  • To determine the impact of undercorrected refractive error on vision-specific functioning (VF) in a multiethnic Asian population.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 3353 Chinese, 3400 Indians, and 3280 Malays in Singapore.
  • Visual acuity (VA) was measured for presenting and best-corrected vision.
  • Undercorrected refractive error defined as ≥0.2 logMAR improvement in best-corrected VA.
  • Vision-specific functioning (VF) assessed using the VF-11 questionnaire.
  • Multivariate linear regression analyzed associations with undercorrected refractive error.

Main Results:

  • Prevalence of undercorrected refractive error was highest in Indians (25.1%), followed by Malays (22.2%), and Chinese (19.7%).
  • Undercorrected refractive error was associated with reduced VF scores across all ethnicities.
  • Risk factors included older age, Indian ethnicity, lower education, poorer housing, existing refractive errors, and not wearing optical corrections.

Conclusions:

  • Undercorrected refractive error prevalence varies significantly among ethnic groups in Singapore, being highest in Indians and lowest in Chinese.
  • The negative impact of undercorrected refractive error on vision-specific functioning is consistent across ethnicities.
  • Potential barriers to accessing or utilizing visual correction may be higher for Indian and Malay populations compared to Chinese.