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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Agrobacterium-Mediated Immature Embryo Transformation of Recalcitrant Maize Inbred Lines Using Morphogenic Genes
10:28

Agrobacterium-Mediated Immature Embryo Transformation of Recalcitrant Maize Inbred Lines Using Morphogenic Genes

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Male gametophytic selection in maize.

E Ottaviano1, M Sari Gorla, E Pe

  • 1Istituto di Genetica, Universitá di Milano, Milano, Italy.

TAG. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. Theoretische Und Angewandte Genetik
|November 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Male gametophyte selection in plants can enhance pollen tube growth. This study shows that selecting for gametophyte traits also improves sporophyte characteristics, suggesting a shared genetic basis.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant reproductive biology
  • Genetics and molecular biology
  • Agricultural science

Background:

  • Male gametophyte selection is a known phenomenon in plants.
  • Pollen tube growth rate is a key factor in gametophyte selective value.
  • Previous studies in maize showed genetic variability for pollen tube growth, but gametophytic selection effects were indirect.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the direct effects of selection on gametophyte populations.
  • To evaluate the competitive ability of selected gametophyte lines.
  • To determine the correlation between gametophytic traits and sporophytic traits.

Main Methods:

  • Selection was applied to gametophyte populations from single plants.
  • Competitive ability was assessed using the pollen mixture technique against a standard line.
  • Sporophytic traits were measured in hybrid progeny from crosses with selected families.

Main Results:

  • Gametophyte selection successfully produced inbred lines with high gametophyte competitive ability.
  • This suggests haploid expression of genes controlling pollen tube growth.
  • Gametophytic traits showed a positive correlation with sporophytic traits like seedling weight and kernel weight.

Conclusions:

  • Direct gametophyte selection is effective in improving competitive ability.
  • A common genetic basis likely underlies both gametophytic and sporophytic traits.
  • This research provides evidence for haploid gene expression influencing plant development.