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A sliding mode-based starling-like controller for implantable rotary blood pumps
Mohsen A Bakouri1, Robert F Salamonsen, Andrey V Savkin
1School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Artificial Organs
|November 27, 2013
Summary
This study introduces a novel physiological control method for rotary left ventricular assist devices, mimicking the Frank-Starling mechanism. The advanced controller effectively adjusts pump flow to match the heart's output, ensuring stable device performance during simulated blood loss and exercise.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Cardiovascular Physiology
- Control Systems
Background:
- Implementing physiological control for rotary left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) is crucial for clinical success.
- The Frank-Starling mechanism, where increased ventricular filling enhances stroke volume, offers a model for adaptive LVAD control.
- Current LVAD control strategies require sophisticated methods to match the combined cardiac output with the right ventricle across varying physiological states.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and assess a novel tracking control algorithm for rotary LVADs based on the Frank-Starling mechanism.
- To automatically regulate pump flow to ensure the combined output of the left ventricle and LVAD matches the right ventricle's output.
- To evaluate the controller's response to simulated cardiovascular perturbations, including blood loss and exercise, in the context of left ventricular failure.
Main Methods:
- A tracking control algorithm utilizing sliding mode control was developed.
- The algorithm exploits the linear relationship between estimated mean pump flow (Q ̅ est) and pump flow pulsatility (PIQp).
- A lumped parameter model of the cardiovascular system (CVS) and LVAD was used to simulate physiological responses and extract control parameters.
Main Results:
- The sliding mode controller successfully adjusted pump flow (Qp) in response to simulated blood loss and exercise.
- Required changes in pump flow were achieved within approximately five heartbeats for blood loss and eight heartbeats for exercise.
- The controller demonstrated minimal clinically significant transients and steady-state errors during simulations.
Conclusions:
- The proposed physiological control method based on the Frank-Starling mechanism is effective for rotary LVADs.
- The sliding mode controller provides rapid and accurate adjustments in pump flow, crucial for maintaining hemodynamic stability.
- This approach holds promise for improving the clinical implementation and performance of LVADs in patients with heart failure.
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