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Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
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Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

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Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion...
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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
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Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

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DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic...
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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
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Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable...
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Endemic hepatitis E in the Czech Republic.

Pavel Chalupa1, Petra Vasickova, Ivo Pavlik

  • 1Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Na Bulovce Hospital, Prague.

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|November 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Endemic hepatitis E (HE) in developed countries is often caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3. This study details the clinical features and diagnostic approaches for acute symptomatic HE in adults.

Keywords:
clinical findingsendemic caseshepatitis Ezoonosis

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Endemic hepatitis E (HE) incidence is rising in developed nations.
  • Clinical characteristics and diagnostic utility for HE require further evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the clinical characteristics of endemic hepatitis E.
  • To assess the utility of diagnostic methods for hepatitis E.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 51 adult acute HE patients (2009-2012).
  • Diagnosis utilized serological and molecular techniques (HEV RNA detection via RT-PCR, sequencing, phylogenetic analysis).
  • Clinical, laboratory, and epidemiological data were collected and analyzed.

Main Results:

  • 49 patients (96.1%) had endemic HE, 2 (3.9%) imported.
  • Symptomatic patients (n=47) were older males (mean age 60.57) with elevated liver enzymes.
  • HEV genotype 3 was predominant (28/29 isolates); consumption of pork products was a common risk factor.

Conclusions:

  • Endemic hepatitis E is frequently caused by HEV genotype 3.
  • This study elucidates the clinical presentation of endemic HE in a developed country.