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Kawasaki Disease: A Clinician's Update.
Nathan Jamieson1, Davinder Singh-Grewal
1School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
International Journal of Pediatrics
|November 28, 2013
Summary
Kawasaki disease, a febrile vasculitis, affects children and can lead to heart issues. Early treatment with immunoglobulin significantly reduces coronary artery problems, making prompt diagnosis crucial.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Rheumatology
- Cardiology
Background:
- Kawasaki disease is a leading cause of acquired heart disease in children.
- It is an acute systemic vasculitis with rising global incidence.
- Untreated patients face a 25% risk of coronary artery abnormalities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize recent insights into Kawasaki disease.
- To provide clinicians with an update on diagnosis and treatment.
- To review epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and management.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review.
- Searches included MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, and reference lists.
- Focused on epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and management.
Main Results:
- Diagnosis relies on fever plus four of five clinical criteria, complicated by incomplete presentations.
- A potential environmental trigger in genetically susceptible individuals is hypothesized.
- Incidence varies globally and across ethnic groups.
Conclusions:
- Early intravenous immunoglobulin treatment (within 10 days) reduces coronary artery dilation to <5%.
- Kawasaki disease is a significant cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality.
- Consider Kawasaki disease in prolonged pediatric fever cases.
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